Iran has elected Masoud Pezeshkian, a former heart surgeon and health minister, as its new president. His unexpected victory has raised hopes among scientists for improvements in human rights, scientific investment, and academic freedom. Pezeshkian’s term could see the revival of universities and the reestablishment of international scientific connections, provided Iran’s top leaders give him the space to act.
Moneef Zou’bi, former director-general of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences, believes Pezeshkian’s presence will inspire university presidents and researchers. However, some are skeptical about lasting reforms due to Iran’s theocratic system and the power held by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The government’s control over university leadership and faculty appointments remains a significant barrier.
The elections were triggered by the death of former President Ebrahim Raisi in a helicopter crash in May. Pezeshkian won in the second round of voting on July 5, promising economic revival and a more lenient approach toward political dissent. He aims to restart international negotiations to lift sanctions and resume talks on Iran’s nuclear program.
International sanctions have caused severe economic issues, including inflation, which peaked at over 45% earlier this year. Pezeshkian’s election brings hope to the scientific community for better economic conditions and increased funding for research. His background as a heart surgeon and experience as president of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences bolster these expectations.
At a campaign event at Tehran University, Pezeshkian emphasized the right to protest and criticized the forced imposition of headscarves. He promised to change disciplinary regulations and support academic freedom. However, some, like cosmologist Encieh Erfani, remain doubtful about the potential for real reform under the current regime.
Pezeshkian has pledged to revive talks on Iran’s nuclear program, essential for lifting international sanctions. Collaborations with foreign researchers have been hindered by these sanctions, affecting the country’s scientific progress. Pezeshkian’s alliance with former foreign minister Javad Zarif, an architect of the 2015 nuclear deal, adds to the cautious optimism.
Matthew Bunn from Harvard University notes the challenges in restoring the nuclear agreement, given the distrust and hostility on all sides. Achieving a sustainable deal will require broader progress in resolving Iran’s conflicts with the United States, Israel, and Arab states.
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