Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was both a Prophet of Allah and a statesman. His leadership was comprehensive and dynamic, epitomizing virtue and spirituality. He was a compassionate teacher, guide, and reformer, as well as a devoted family man and political leader. As a political leader, he unified the Arabian Peninsula, established a powerful state with its capital in Madinah, and achieved numerous military victories. However, his true political leadership shone in his moral and spiritual conduct, demonstrating impeccable behavior in both weakness and strength. His actions in Makkah and Madinah reflect his exceptional political acumen.
He was always willing to help others and was gifted by Allah with the ability to resolve conflicts and disputes. Even before his prophethood, he settled a significant dispute among the people of Makkah. While repairing the walls of the Kaaba, a disagreement arose about who would place the Black Stone. Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) ingeniously resolved the issue by placing the Stone on his cloak and having representatives of each tribe lift it together, ensuring fairness.
From a young age, he sought to establish peace. He joined the Hilf al-Fudul, a committee dedicated to suppressing violence and promoting virtue in Makkah. Later in his prophetic life, he praised this pledge, stating he would support it even then.
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was practical and inclusive, spreading his message without isolating himself from society. He utilized beneficial customs and traditions, appreciating the support of his uncle, Abu Talib, even though he did not accept Islam. After his uncle’s death, the Prophet sought alliances with other tribes, demonstrating his dedication to Islam.
His political skill is evident in the Hijrah to Ethiopia, where he sought refuge for his followers under a Christian king during intense persecution. This move ensured their safety and fostered positive relations, leading the king to embrace Islam before his death.
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was a courageous and principled political leader, never swayed by threats or temptations. The people of Makkah tried to bribe him to abandon his mission, but he firmly refused.
In Madinah, he established a state based on equality, consultation, and justice, where even non-Muslims were treated fairly. The case of Tu’mah ibn Abraq, who falsely accused a Jew of theft, highlights his commitment to justice. Allah revealed verses (Surat An-Nisaa’: 110-112) declaring the Jew innocent and Tu’mah guilty.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) cared deeply for his people’s religious and economic well-being. He made treaties and alliances, showcasing his diplomatic skills and commitment to moral and honest diplomacy. He honored all treaties and defended his people, always prepared for any circumstances. Though he never initiated conflict, he was firm and decisive when attacked, always emphasizing peace.
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) embodied patience and resolution, offering many lessons for us. His honesty and truthfulness were beyond reproach, even recognized by his enemies. This is exemplified in his interaction with Heraclius, the Byzantine Emperor. When questioned by Heraclius, Abu Sufyan, an enemy of the Prophet at the time, testified to his noble family, honesty, and increasing followers. Heraclius acknowledged the truth of Muhammad’s prophethood, expressing a desire to meet him and honor him.
(Read More on Islam Online: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Political Leader. islamonline.net/en/prophet-muhammad-pbuh-as-a-political-leader/)
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