Water is the greatest Divine gift to the humanity and to the planet Earth. The life on this planet owes itself to presence of water. Water is among three things freely available to human beings, the other two being air and sunshine. All three are critically important to sustaining life. While air and sunshine continue to be freely accessible, water is not accessible freely to all. It reaches us via a network of pipes, storages, cleaning systems and is transported to overhead tanks through pumps and channels etc. In this glossary we focus on a variety of terms that are involved in human management of water.
Dam: A dam is a barrier designed and constructed to contain the flow of water. It is often built across the rivers when they pass between two hills. The dams have several purposes e.g., to check floods, to collect water for irrigation, water supply and for generating electricity. (Ø¨ÙØ¯)
Sluice: A sluice is a water channel controlled at its head by a gate. (Ø¬ÙØ¯Ùار ÛØ§ پاÙÛ Ú©Ø§ پھاٹک)
Reservoir: A natural or artificial place where water is collected and stored for use, for supplying a community, irrigation etc. (Ø¢Ø¨Û Ø°Ø®ÛØ±Û)
Desalination: Removal of salt (sodium chloride) and other minerals from the sea water to make it suitable for human beings or for industrial use. (ØªØ¨Ø®ÛØ±Û Ø¹Ù Ù Ø³Û ÙÙ Ú©Û٠پاÙÛ Ú©Ù Ù Ûٹھا Ú©Ø±ÙØ§)
Fountain: An ornamental structure in a pool or lake from which one or more jets of water are pumped into the air. (ÙÙÙØ§Ø±Û)
Reverse Osmosis: The most common desalination methods in which salt water is forced through a membrane that allows water molecules to pass but blocks the molecules of salt and other minerals.( ع٠ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙØ°)
Anicut: A dam, found in streams in India which serves to control the flow of the water for irrigation. (پاÙÛ Ú©Û Ø¯Ø±ÙÛ Ù¾Ø± Ø¨ÙØ§Ûا جاÙÛ ÙØ§Ùا Ø¨ÙØ¯ ÛØ§ ÚÛÙ )
Waterworks: The system of reservoirs, channels, mains, and pumping and purifying equipment by which a water supply is obtained and distributed to a city. (Ø´ÛØ±Û پاÙÛ Ú©Û ØªÙØ³Û٠کا ÙØ¸Ø§Ù )
Overhead Tank: A tank raised over pillars where water is pumped before it is distributed to a locality. (Ù¹ÙÚ©Û)
Sump: A depression or tank in the ground at the bottom of a shaft where water collects before it is pumped away. (Ø²ÛØ± ز٠ÛÚº Ø¢Ø¨Û Ø°Ø®ÛØ±Û)
Cusec: It is also called “Cfs”. It is the rate of the flow. One cfs is equal to a volume of water one foot deep and one foot wide flowing a distance of one foot in one second. One cfs is equal to approximately 450 gallons per minute (gpm). (Ø¨ÛØªÛ پاÙÛ Ú©Ù ÙØ§Ù¾ÙÛ Ú©Û Ø§Ú©Ø§Ø¦Û)
Siphon: A tube that carries a liquid from a higher level up and over a barrier and then down to a lower level, with the flow maintained by gravity and suction pressure as long as the tube remains filled. (سائÙÙ ÛØ§ اÛÚ© خ٠دار ÙÙÚ©Û Ø¬ÙØ³ Ú©Û Ø°Ø±ÛØ¹Û Ú©ÙØ¦Û Ø³ÛØ§Ù Ø´Û Ú©ÙØ³Û اÙÙÙÚÛ Ø¨Ø±ØªÙ Ú©Û Ú©ÙÙØ§Ø±Û Ú©Û Ø§ÙÙپر Ø³Û Ú¯ÙØ²Ø§Ø± کر Ú¯Ø±Ø§ØªÛ ÛÛÚº)
Water recycling: Since water is a precious liquid, the wastewater or sewage is now treated to remove solids and impurities, and used in irrigation, to recharge groundwater aquifers, to meet commercial and industrial water needs, and for drinking. (Ú¯ÙØ¯Û پاÙÛ Ú©Ù ØµØ§Ù Ú©Ø±Ú©Û Ø³ÛÙÚØ§Ø¦Û Ú©Û ÙØ§Ø¦Ù Ø¨ÙØ§ÙÛ Ú©Ø§ طرÛÙÛ)
Hardness: A measure of the amount of dissolved calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in water. Hardness is often reported as ppm or milligrams per liter (mg/l) of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3).( پاÙÛ Ù ÛÚº تØÙÛÙ Ú©ÛÙØ´ÛÙ Ø§ÙØ±Ù ÛÚ¯ÙÛØ´ÛÙ Ú©Û Ù ÙØ¯Ø§Ø± Ú©Û Ø³Ø¨Ø¨ ÛÙÙÛ ÙØ§ÙÛ Ù¾Ø§ÙÛ Ú©Û Ø³Ø®ØªÛ Ú©Ø§ Ø§ÙØ¯Ø§Ø²Û)
Potable water: Water that is of adequate quality to be used for human consumption. (Ù¾ÛÙÛ Ú©Û ÙØ§Ø¨Ù پاÙÛ)
pH: A numerical measure of acidity or alkalinity. (پاÙÛ Ú©Û ØªÛØ²Ø§Ø¨Ûت ÛØ§ Ø´ÙØ±Ø§Ø¦Ûت ÙØ§Ù¾ÙÛ Ú©Û Ø§Ú©Ø§Ø¦Û).
Total dissolved solids (TDS): A measure of the concentration of dissolved inorganic chemicals in water. (پاÙÛ Ù ÛÚº Ú¯Ú¾ÙÛ Ù Ø§Ø¯ÙÛ)
Acre-foot: The volume of water required to cover an area of one acre of land with 12 inches (1 foot) of water depth. One acre-foot equals 325,851 gallons of water. (اÛÚ© اÛÚ©Ú Ø²Ù Û٠پر ج٠ع اÛÚ© ÙÙ¹ Ú¯ÛØ±Û پاÙÛ Ú©Ø§ ØØ¬Ù )
Waterwheels: These are machines that convert the energy of flowing or falling water into power that can be used to do other tasks or large wheels made of wood or metal that have many blades or buckets along the outside edge to capture the power of moving water. (ج٠پÛÛÛ)
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